Rapid Resilient Reefs for Coastal Defense (R3D)

Coastal hazards associated with rising seas, more frequent storms, and marine heatwaves increasingly threaten civilian and Department of Defense (DoD) infrastructure and personnel. Four laboratories within the School of Ocean and Earth Sciences and Technology, in collaboration with the Applied Research Laboratory at UH, are developing a self-healing, living coral reef engineered to protect coastlines.

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R3D

Rapid Resilient Reefs for Coastal Defense

The Rapid Resilient Reefs for Coastal Defense (R3D) project focuses on nature-based solutions suited for future oceanographic conditions in the Pacific by mimicking the wave-attenuating function of a living coral reef.

This multidisciplinary team of engineers, ecologists, biologists and computer scientists is developing multiple strategies to reduce wave energy, protect coastlines, and improve coral resilience. UH is partnering with Makai Ocean Engineering, University of California San Diego Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Florida Atlantic University and The Ohio State University on this exciting project.

Collaborating Partners

Participating Labs

2025

R3D-Funded Accepted Publications

Grottoli AG, Dixon S, Hulver AM, Bardin C, Lewis CJ, Suchocki CR, Consortium R3D, Toonen RJ. (2025) Underwater Zooplankton Enhancement Light Array (UZELA): a technology solution to enhance zooplankton abundance and coral feeding in bleached and non-bleached corals. Limnology and Oceanography Methods doi: 10.1002/lom3.10669.
2024

R3D-Funded Accepted Publications

Lentz M.E., E.B. Freel, Z.H. Forsman, D.W. Schar & R.J. Toonen. (2024) Flow rates alter the outcome of coral bleaching and growth experiments. Nature Discover Oceans. 1:31
Halvorson, B., Z. Huang. (2024). Study of effects of perforation layouts on wave energy dissipation caused by a submerged perforated breakwater in front of a vertical seawall. Ocean Engineering, 311, 119025.
Jury, C.P., K.D. Bahr, E.W. Barba, R.E. Brainard, K.L. Dobson, A.T. Graham, R.H. McLachlan, C.E. Nelson, J.T. Price, M. Rocha de Souza, L. Shizuru, C.M. Smith, W. Sparagon, C. Squair, M.A. Timmers, T. Tran, J. Vicente, M.K. Webb, N.H. Yamase, A.G. Grottoli & R.J. Toonen. (2024). Experimental future reefs maintain species richness and positive calcification despite ocean warming and acidification. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 121(45): e2407112121
Jury, C.P. & R.J. Toonen. (2024). Widespread scope for coral adaptation under combined ocean warming and acidification. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 291(2031), p.20241161.
Asbury, Mollie, A. A. Innes-Gold, D. M. Wulstein, E. M. P. Madin, J. S. Madin, and L. C. McManus. (2024). Recovery Potential of Fish and Coral Populations Following Ecological Disturbance. Ecosphere 15(6): e4915.
2023

R3D-Funded Accepted Publications

Madin, J. S., M. McWilliam, K. Quigley, L. K. Bay, D. Bellwood, C. Doropoulos, L. Fernandes, P. Harrison, A. S. Hoey, P. J. Mumby, J. C. Ortiz, Z. T. Richards, C. Riginos, N. M. D. Schiettekatte, D. J. Suggett, M. J. H. van Oppen. (2023). Selecting coral species for reef restoration. Journal of Applied Ecology, 60, 1537–1544.
Asbury, M., N. M. D. Schiettekatte, C. S. Couch, T. Oliver, J. H. R. Burns, J. S. Madin. (2023). Geological age and environments shape reef habitat structure. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 32, 1230–1240.
Madin, J.S., Asbury, M.,Schiettekatte, N., Dornelas, M., Pizarro, O.,Reichert, J. et al. (2023). A word on habitat complexity. Ecology Letters, 26, 1021–1024.

R3D in the News

New Technology Lights Way for Accelerating Coral Reef Restoration

Improved Prey Feeding Sparks Rise in Coral Resilience, Study Finds Scientists have developed a novel tool designed to protect and conserve coral reefs by providing them with an abundance of feeding opportunities.  The device, dubbed the Underwater..... read more

Scientists Plan to Grow $25 Million Reef in Hawai‘i

Scientist Ben Jones plans to grow dozens of species of coral in a project designed to build an engineered coral reef ecosystem in Kailua Bay on O'ahu, and his work might have practical applications for reefs on Maui. “We want to make sure we have biodiversity,”..... read more

DARPA Thinks Walls of Oysters Could Protect Shores Against Hurricanes

The US defense research agency is funding three universities to engineer reef structures that will be colonized by corals and bivalves and absorb the power of future storms. On October 10, 2018, Tyndall Air Force Base on the Gulf of Mexico—a pillar of American..... read more

Concrete Reefs to Be Deployed Off O‘ahu to Slow Wave Energy, Promote Coral Growth

Diver at Hawai‘i Institute of Marine Biology installs coral on the coral settlement modules prototypes. Ben Jones from ARL at UH was featured on The Conversation on Hawai‘i Public Radio discussing our Rapid Resilient Reefs for Coastal Defense (R3D) project. read more

UH to Deploy Innovative Coral Reef Protection System

Researchers from the University of Hawai‘i, in partnership with University of California San Diego-Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Florida Atlantic University, Ohio State University and Makai Ocean Engineering, are developing a living breakwater system..... read more
Breeding Resilient Corals

UH Developed, Living Coastal-Protection System Prepares For Deployment

Breeding Resilient Corals The University of Hawaiʻi (UH) has reached a milestone in the U.S. Department of Defense funded project that aims to create a living breakwater system to protect coastlines from erosion and create ecosystems where resilient corals and..... read more
Reefense graphic

The ARL at UH Innovative Tech Hub for Hawai‘i, National Defense

Reefense graphic The Applied Research Laboratory at the University of Hawaiʻi (ARL at UH) is addressing a wide range of emerging problems facing Hawaiʻi and the world such as renewable energy, coastal defense for sea-level..... read more

Voice of the Sea TV Features R3D

At the intersection of cutting-edge science and environmental stewardship, the Rapid Resilient Reefs for Coastal Defense (R3D) Project is leading the charge in developing innovative solutions to protect our shorelines while fostering marine life. The Applied Research..... read more

Researchers Hope a New Hybrid Reef Will Help Save Coral in Hawai’i

This project will create a part-natural, part-artificial reef to help reduce wave energy and host an engineered ecosystem. Read the Civil Beat article here. read more
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UH to Develop Living Coastal-Protection System Inspired by Coral Reefs

The University of Hawaiʻi will be awarded up to $25 million by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) to develop an engineered coral reef ecosystem to help protect coastlines from flooding, erosion and storm damage. The goal of the five-year project,..... read more

Ocean Research Projects